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Saturday 27 October 2012

Stanley Park : Monuments and memories



More than 50 memorials dot Vancouver’s Stanley park. But once you leave the park, will you remember even one?
By Stephen Osborne

In the beginning

A year after Vancouver became a municipality in 1886, the first city council petitioned the federal government to lease 400 hectares of land to the city to be used as a park. Originally a forest of old growth trees that was home to Musqueam and Squamish First Nations, it was then a marine base for the Royal Navy. The British government  handed over the largely logged forest land, and on September 27, 1888, Stanley park was officially opened. Since then, the park has undergone immense changes. In 1937, construction began on the lions gate bridge, which linked the park to north and west Vancouver a year later. And though it took more than 60 years to build, the 8.85 kilometre long  paved seawall that skirts the park was finally completed in 1980. Stanley park is now the third largest city owned park in north America (behind Chapultepec park in Mexico city and the golden gate national recreation area in San Fransisco) and hosts more than eight million visitors each year.


More than monuments

Whether you’re nature or sports enthusiast, a history buff or just looking to get out of the city. Stanley park has something for almost everyone. Tennis court, lawn bowling green and 18 hole pitch and putt golf course cater to the sports minded, while second and third beaches and the Oceanside heated pool and water park are ideal for water lovers. Some 30 hiking trails weave through the park, and the seawall offers a route for running, cycling, rollerblading, or simple strolling. A 15 minute ride on the miniature railway, with a replica of the engine that pulled the first transcontinental passenger train into the city 1886, offers a glimpse into the past, along with the faded gentility of the Stanley park pavilion (built in 1911). The Vancouver aquarium, Canada’s largest, opened in 1956 and houses thousands of sea creatures, including six beluga whales. The parks also has four restaurants and host of horticultural treasures.




When you enter the leafy precincts of Stanley park, at the edge of downtown Vancouver, the first thing likely to escape your attention is the bronze statue of lord Stanley flinging his arms into the air on the grassy knoll just inside the park entrance. The second thing you are likely to forget, only metres away, is the statue of Robert burns, the Scottish poet, clutching a sheaf of papers to his chest. Cross over the lawn, and you come upon the elaborate but somewhat faded memorial to queen Victoria (“Victoria the good”. Reads the plaque. “erected by the school children of Vancouver”). In a moment, it too will have vanished from your memory. Monuments which are intended to make us remember tends to make us forget nowhere more so than in Stanley park, where dozens of them sit tucked away and lost among 400 hectares of forests and pathways, lawns and beaches, playgrounds and tennis courts and lawn bowling pitches, where they persist in the landscape as in a dream. Lord Stanley was governor general of Canada in 1889, when he dedicated the park in his own name to “ people of all colours, creeds, and customs for all time. "The remains of the original hollow tree still sit in Stanley park as a memorial to the 800 year old,17 metre wide red cedar".

A short hike away from his memorial lies a mini-forest of trees planted in honour of the plays of William Shakespeare : oak pine, hemlock, beech and cedar, among others, each assigned an appropriate line of verse tiny plates. The bard himself is represented by the profile of a rascally looking gent with a goatee mounted on a chimney like structure. He reminds us less of Shakespeare (“not of an age but for all time”, reads the plague) than of a frontier city making a claim to high culture in 1916, just as the memorial to Queen Victoria reminds us of the same city making a claim for imperialism in 1905. Monuments such us these propose a kind of ideal history that reflects the way someone else once wanted things to be.

Facing Burrard Inlet can be found a splendid dragon’s head that turns out to be a replica of the prow of the SS Empress of Japan that, according to the plaque, ”plied these waters” at the turn of the 20th century. From here, you can see the bronze likeness of a girl in a wetsuit perched on a rock a few metres from shore. She represents “Vancouver’s dependence on the sea”, according  o the inscription. How that might be so is unclear. A nearby boulder bears the name of the man who planned a sawmill in Stanley park in 1865, and behind it is long balanced on two smaller logs in the manner of a lean to. This is Lumbermen’s arch, itself a memorial to the original arch built in the form of the Greek Parthenon on Pender street, in downtown Vancouver, so that the duke of Connaught ( another governor general and the son of Queen Victoria ) might be driven beneath it in a parade 1912.

Such are the apparently random contents of public memory. A camellia bush the centenary of Francis E. Willard of the woman’s Christian temperance union. A dogwood tree memorializes John Drainie, actor and broadcaster. A rhododendron garden reminds us of Ted and Mary Greig, “pioneers in rhododendron culture”.

Even bits of the park itself are memorialized. The hollow tree, for instance, is remembered by its own hollow stump, which sits next to a rustic sign that reads, “hollow tree”. And the seven sisters, a once beloved stand of tall evergreens, is commemorated by a plaque and a planting of seven fir trees, whose purpose is to invoke the spirit of the originals. A totem pole near aquarium is dedicated simply “ to the children of the world”. And a group of eight totems near Brockton point reminds us briefly of the first inhabitants of this coastal land, and in their picturesque aspect (unlike  the other memorials in the park, the totems are always surrounded by crowds of admires taking photographs), they serve as the occasion for forgetting the first peoples at the same time as we appear to remember them.

Also near Brocton point, hidden in a leafy glade by the harbor, an imposing Celtic cross rises from a stony pedestal, erected “ in memory of eight persons who lost their lives on the Chehalis sunk by the Princess Victoria on july 21, 1906, at 2 p.m. opposite this spot”. You look out over the traffic on the roadway, past the stream of walkers and joggers and rollerbladers on the seawall, to the blue waters, and you look at your watch to compare the time. How great was the loss to move shipmates and friends to this extravagance? You are completely alone in the glade.

The grandest of memory traces hidden away in the Stanley park and possibly the least known sits off to the side of Malkin bowl ( itself a memorial to the wife of a former mayor ), where a pair of huge bronze eagles stands sentinel over a fountain dedicated to the visit of Warren Gamaliel Harding, twenty ninth president of the united state of Amerika and charter member of the Kiwanis club of Marion, Ohio. In July 1923, Harding’s scandal ridden administration was crumbling, and he was looking for favourable publicity away from Washington, D.C, where several of his senior advisors had already committed suicide. He arrived in Vancouver in a swallow tail coat and top hat and delivered a windy speech that was later inscribed on stone slabs next to two enormous bronze goddesses wearing flimsy robes and learning on war shields. “ no grimfaced fortification marks our frontiers”, you read, and already you feel the president ‘s speech erasing itself from memory,”…not of perishable parchment, but of fair and honorable  dealing”. By the time you turn away, you have forgotten all of it words, dates and even the name of the twenty ninth president. Before leaving the park (with monuments yet unseen, yet to be forgotten, dedicated to, among other things, a sprinter, several military personages, a chief forester, the honour of seafarers, the game of cricket, peace between the children of the former Soviet union and Canada and the legend of Skalsh the Unselfish), you find the grave marker of Pauline Johnson near ferguson point, in a dark grove occupied by a family of ring tailed raccoon. A slab of rock, a trickle of water, the necessary plaque. Here lie the ashes of the best loved of Canadian poets, Tekahionwake, daughter of Mohawk chief, at rest in the park that she had come to love in the last years of her life. Her memorial was sanctioned by the Duke of Connaught ( already you have forgotten his connection to Lumbermen’s arch ) who convinced park authorities to allow the only official burial to be performed in Stanley park in 1913, a date that vanishes from your mind, as will even this place, which is beautiful, quiet and lonely, and already fading away. 








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